Name : Cipto Prasetio Sutikno
Student-ID : 18611407
Class : 4SA05
Subject : Computer-aided English Learning
STRUCTURE OF PREPOSITION
A preposition is used to connect a noun structure to others(
e.g. pronoun) in a sentence. In other words, preposition is like a bridge which
is used to connect between one place to other. So, Noun or pronoun is very
important for preposition in order that preposition can be used. This
automatically states that without nouns or pronoun, preposition will be
nothing!.
According
to the usage in cases of sentences, preposition has 6 structures, they are;
1. In a structure
of a noun
e.g.
I come from Indonesia.
2. In a structure
of a pronoun
e.g.
He gave it to me
Note:
Pronoun here may be an objective pronoun and possession
For
examples:
I
need you. (Objective pronoun)
She
is one of friends of mine (Possession)
3. In a Gerundial
Phrases
e.g. I object to telling the information to him.
4. In a noun
clause
e.g.
I object to telling the information to who stole my money.
5. In a part of
verb (But, it has full meaning verb)
e.g.
I get up early every morning.
note: /get up/ and others, like; keep on, carry out, get on,
go up, give up, etc, is also called a phrasal verb. Why phrase? It is because
the verb forms a phrase by placing a preposition behind it and create a new and
full meaning which differs from the original verb.
For
example:
get
= to gain something
get
up = e.g. get up from lying down, get up from bed or get up from failure.
6. In a part of
verb (But, the preposition describes something else, like a direction or a
place)
e.g. When I look into your eyes, there's .......(/into/
denotes something exist inside).
As you know that Preposition is usually placed before its
noun object. But sometimes, preposition can be placed in the end of the
sentence with or without a noun beside it.
For examples:
That's the house where I live in. (With a full verb /live/)
This sentence dontes a place which described by /that's the
house/.
What's on tonight?
This sentence has preposition which stands alone without
others, like a verb or noun or pronoun. However, The preposition /on/ has a
function as an adverb to indicate that something is on or off, say, a film. In
other cases, /on/, here, describes the hit or rank, e.g. The company reaches
its highest target tonight while others not.
FORM OF PREPOSITION
Preposition
has three forms in its usage;
1)simple preposition, preposition has single part, e.g. of,
on, by, near, off, in, at, etc.
2)two parts of preposition, preposition which is created
from the combination of words and a certain particle.
e.g. instead of, because of, so that, as for, apart from,
etc
3)three parts of preposition, preposition has three parts in
use, e.g. by means of, in regard to, etc.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
When preposition is combined to other words and has a full
meaning, it is called "Prepositional phrase".
According to its function, prepositional phrase has
functions, as;
1.Adverbial, as in, they stood under the tree. (denotes a
certain place ---> Adverb of place)
2.Adjectival, prepositional phrase which modifies or give
some information to a noun.
e.g. I have got to attend the meeting at seven
o'clock.
3.Nominal, preposition which is placed after a full verb.
This is usually called "Prepositional object". Object here denotes a
place where the prepositional phrase is placed, i.e., after a full verb.
Note that Adverb can be modified. see also modifying adverb
clause.
For examples:
I am waiting for her.
Notice that the preposition /for/ is placed after the verb
/waiting/.
Preposition, when it has its own building, as in
prepositional phrase, it has a position in sentences.
a) initial, placed at the beginning of
a sentence.
For example:
For the sake of you, I'll do everything.
b) middle, placed in the middle of a
sentence which uses commas in its left and right sides.
For example:
If you wish, for the sake of you, I'll do everything.
c) final, placed in the end of the
sentence.
For
example:
I'll
do everything for the sake of you.
When
we would like to show the details, we can placed one prepositional phrase to
others at the same time.
For
example:
I'll
attend the meeting in Bali at 8.00 tonight
EXERCISE
:
STRUCTURE
PREPOSITION
Analyze this
article below about the structure preposition!
Some people live for making presentations; others consider it their
worse nightmare. It could be five people in
a boardroom or 500 in the audience, but
if you are the presenter the spotlight is on you.
You'll either be the hero or the goat.
No need to panic. Here are five ways
to help make your presentation astounding and enjoy the opportunity to bask in the limelight.
1. Give it Focus
No one is impressed by a
presentation that rambles. Rambling happens when the speaker is both
self-indulgent and unorganized. Your purpose and prose must be specifically
directed to interests of your listeners or they will mentally shut you down.
Even if you hit upon a topic of interest, you
will lose them quickly if they can't follow the logic of your ideas. Outline
the structure of your presentation in a way that people can follow easily.
Research your audience to make sure the topic is truly of interest. Promoting
the benefits of beef at a vegetarian conference will likely empty your venue no
matter how strong your passion for steak.
2. Tell Compelling Stories
There must be a reason you are
presenting to these people. Most likely you want them to take action of some
kind. Maybe you want them to write you a check, get involved in an activity, or
to make something happen in their own lives. They won't likely take action just
because you tell them to do so. You need to connect with them emotionally and
inspire them to change behavior. Stories do more for emotional
connection than any other speech technique. The more personal and
authentic, the more powerful the response you'll receive. Learn how to construct stories that
excite, motivate and compel people to action. Most importantly, make sure your
stories have humor and Aha!
moments to make them memorable.
3. Give an Entertaining
Performance
Not every presenter has to be an
actor or comedian, but no one wants to listen to someone drone on in dull
monotone. There are powerful dynamics in movement and vocal inflections that
will help your listeners feel your passion and energy. Give them an awesome experience. Take the time
to create a script and memorize it so you own the material. You don't have to
know it word for word but you should be able to clearly articulate the key
points without your notes. Then you need to rehearse... a lot. As painful as it
might be, watch yourself on video and work to remove Uhhs,Umms and
physical tics so you appear polished and comfortable. Find a friend with a performance background to coach
you so your diction is clear, you project emotion, and you connect with your
eyes. Make your audience knows they are worth your effort.
4. Use Media Only to
Enhance
PowerPoint, visuals and video are
powerful presentation tools when used correctly. But they can be disastrous
distractions when misused. They should never replace you as the provider of
expertise. Don't ever let your audience feel they would have been better off if
you had just emailed them the deck. Keep your PowerPoint to a few words and
never read from the screen in the presentation. Ask yourself if a slide or
video is truly necessary before adding anything. Visuals are good for making an
emotional connection only if they are relevant and required, otherwise best to
just leave the projector off and focus more on
your storytelling and performance skills.
5. Create a Worthy
Leave-Behind
So you just delivered the best
presentation ever. Now your audience heads off to
the next speaker, to lunch or back to their desks. People are busy and no
matter how much you impressed them they will turn their attentions elsewhere.
Give them something to remember you by. Professional speakers will give them a book or at
least a couple of chapters. It might be as simple as a small flyer or premium
item. Whatever it is, make sure it's relevant to your compelling story and
reminds them of the action they should take. Be clever and appropriate so
people will appreciate your thoughtfulness as well as your ideas.
http://www.inc.com/kevin-daum/5-tips-for-giving-really-amazing-presentations.html
Structure of preposition
1. In a structure
noun
· It could be five people in a
boardroom or 500 in the audience.
From the sentence above, there have structure of
preposition. The structure is in form of a noun. In include as
preposition, after in is followed by noun (boardroom and audience). In a
boardroom also can denote as a place.
· Here are five
ways to help make your presentation astounding and enjoy the opportunity to
bask in the limelight.
That sentence above has also structure preposition of a
noun. The preposition is in followed by noun (limelight).
· No one is impressed by a
presentation that rambles.
By a presentation has a structure of a noun. The preposition
is by. It is followed by noun (presentation).
2. In a structure of a pronoun
· if you are the presenter the spotlight is on you.
A clause above has a structure of preposition. A structure
preposition of a pronoun. On includes as a preposition, after on
is followed by pronoun (you).
3. In
a structure of gerundial phrase
· Some people live for making
presentations; others consider it their worse nightmare.
For denotes a preposition. Preposition
is usually followed by verb ing (making) or as gerund like the sentence above.
4. In
a part of verb (phrasal verb)
·
Visuals
are good for making an emotional connection only if they are relevant and
required, otherwise best to just leave the projector
off and focus more on your storytelling and performance skills.
·
Even
if you hit upon a topic of interest, you will
lose them quickly if they can't follow the logic of your ideas.
·
Now
your audience heads off to the next speaker, to
lunch or back to their desks
Those sentence in particular show a
structure a preposition in form of phrasal verb such leave off, heads off and
hit upon. Those verbs are followed by prepositions off and upon.
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